There are several common sources of bad breath in cats. The most frequent cause of bad breath in your cat is gingivitis or feline stomatitis, an inflammation of the gums and oral mucous membranes at the back of the mouth. What causes gingivitis and stomatitis in cats? There are several reasons why chronic inflammation develops in a cat's mouth and gums. This blog covers everything you need to know about cat bad breath.
Plaque Intolerance-a Common Reason for Cat bad breath
It is believed that some cats are intolerant to bacterial plaque, known as plaque intolerance. This leads to a disease called lymphocytic-plasmacytic gingivitis feline stomatitis (LPGS), affecting the whole oral cavity. In this disease, some cells (lymphocytes and plasma cells) of the immune system infiltrate the mouth's tissue. This can lead to very severe inflammation.
Stomatitis and gingivitis are said to be more prevalent among cats suffering from other diseases; such as Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV), Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), Calicivirus, Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), and Bartonella henselae.
Do Some Breeds of Cats Have a Propensity?
Yes, purebreds, especially Siamese and Burmese cats, and domestic shorthair cats, are at higher risk. The disease can be present from a very early age, representing a 'juvenile-onset' form of the disease. It may start to become apparent at 3-5 months when the permanent teeth are coming in, worsening by 9 months of age. Cats suffering from immunosuppression are especially susceptible to infections of the oral cavity. These can become chronic.
What are the Symptoms of Chronic Gingivitis and Stomatitis?
Chronic gingivitis and stomatitis can bring about extreme pain that influences feline behaviour. They can cause irritation, aggressiveness, depression, and reclusiveness. The cat may drool excessively, have difficulty eating, or not eat at all. They will have bad breath (halitosis) and possibly bleeding gums.
How is This Disease Diagnosed?
A physical exam under anesthesia is the first step. Multiple red lesions will confirm the symptoms of the disease. In addition to that, ulcers or proliferative lesions may also be present.
The lesions are seen on the gums, the roof, and the back of the mouth, tongue, or lips. The lesions around the gum line surround the entire tooth. Generally, the area around the back of the teeth, premolars, and molars is most involved, and sometimes, resorption of the affected teeth is seen. Radiographs of the mouth can also be taken to show severe gum disease.
What is the Treatment for Chronic Stomatitis/Gingivitis?
If the chronic stomatitis/gingivitis is due to plaque intolerance, all plaque must be permanently removed. This is done by:
- Half-yearly dental cleaning and polishing by your veterinarian.
- Extraction of teeth in case there has been a resorption of the teeth or severe gum infection.
- Medication such as antibiotics, among other drugs, will be recommended by your veterinarian.
- Good nutrition. Because your cat may be uncomfortable, thereby not consuming much, then they require taking vitamin supplements.
Unfortunately, the disease often progresses even with intensive care. If this happens the only way to eliminate the lesions is to extract all the teeth.
In cases of juvenile-onset gingivitis, professional teeth cleaning every 2 months accompanied by daily brushing at home for the first year of their life may allow for the prevention of gum disease in later years.
What Other Things Can Cause Bad Breath in Cats?
Tartar and plaque around the teeth are the main culprits. Check the outside bottom of your cat's teeth for a hard yellowish coating (plaque). As with humans, tiny parts of food stay in your mouth after eating. These food particles rot creating an environment where bacteria will grow. These bacteria multiply to become plaque - a mixture of bacteria, minerals, and rotting food. Tartar buildup clings to the base of the teeth causing the gums to become inflamed and retreat.
Abscess or Infection: Look for red, swollen gums. As the infection spreads to the sinuses it usually means a puffy face. Abscesses can be drained by your veterinarian and the infected tooth may have to be extracted. Diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, or an intestinal blockage.
Mouth Ulcers, Mouth Sores or Even Cancer
Something caught in your cat's teeth or under her gums. For example, food, a strand of hair, or string can get lodged between teeth and decompose. This will infect the surrounding tissue and cause a bad odour.
Teething – At six months old cats start losing their baby teeth. During this time, the gums appear red and swollen and you can see new teeth breaking out.
Canned and soft foods also contribute to bad breath. Hard kibble cleans the teeth and massaging does not leave a residue on the teeth. Excessive salivation during chewing dissolves the plaque accumulated on the teeth. Soft foods tend to lodge between them and odour develops once these soft foods decay. Specific diets formulated for dental health have been available in the market.
How can I Prevent Halitosis (bad breath) in Cats?
You can start with keeping your cat's mouth, teeth, and gums healthy. Advanced gum disease can be irreversible and therefore prevention is crucial. It is essential to familiarise your cat from an extremely young age (kitten age) to having her teeth cleaned and checked regularly. A good dental care program should include Routine visits to your veterinary surgeon, which include an oral exam
Veterinary dental cleaning as recommended
Institute a daily oral hygiene regime. Many products on the market can help minimize the formation of plaque including;
Vet Aquadent, Plaque Off, and Logic Oral Hygiene Gel.
Brushing the teeth is the most effective way of preventing plaque and tartar build-up. Use a cat-specific dental kit including a cat toothbrush and toothpaste. Specially designed dental diets (ask your vet for recommendations.
Hills Science Plan Feline Oral Chicken
Specifically designed kibble helps to clean your cat's teeth and stop plaque and tartar build-up by controlling tartar, you make your cat less likely to suffer from nasty tummy issues top-quality protein means their muscles will be strong, and healthy ingredients mean your cat will always look forward to dinnertime.
Royal Canin Oral Care Dry Adult Cat
- Suitable for cats over the age of one
- Minerals maintain a healthy urinary tract
- Kibble shape designed to ‘brush’ teeth as your cat crunches
- Contains a dental agent to trap calcium and prevent tartar
If you suspect your cat has bad breath you should always get her to the vet as soon as possible. If you try to examine your cat's mouth yourself, then there's a danger that you may get bitten, although if your cat is fairly placid you can gently lift the side of her lips several times to see if there's any obvious plaque. Get your vet to demonstrate how to do this safely.
Frequently Asked Questions
What causes bad breath in cats?
Bad breath in cats can be caused by gingivitis, plaque, tartar buildup, infections, or diseases like diabetes or kidney problems.
How can gingivitis lead to bad breath in cats?
Gingivitis causes inflammation in the gums, leading to bacteria buildup, which results in foul-smelling breath.
Can certain cat breeds be more prone to bad breath?
Yes, purebred cats like Siamese and Burmese, as well as domestic shorthairs, are more prone to oral issues causing bad breath.
What are the symptoms of chronic gingivitis in cats?
Symptoms include drooling, difficulty eating, aggression, depression, bleeding gums, and, of course, bad breath.
How is gingivitis diagnosed in cats?
A veterinarian will perform an exam under anesthesia to observe lesions, ulcers, or infections in the gums and mouth.
Can bad breath be a sign of a more serious disease?
Yes, bad breath can indicate conditions like kidney disease, liver issues, diabetes, or mouth cancer.
What treatments are available for cat bad breath?
Treatment may include dental cleanings, tooth extractions, antibiotics, and special diets. In severe cases, all teeth may need extraction.
Conclusion
Cat bad breath is more than just a nuisance—it’s often a sign of underlying health issues like dental disease, diet, or systemic conditions. Regular dental care, a proper diet, and timely vet check-ups can go a long way in keeping your cat’s breath fresh and their overall health in check. Addressing bad breath early ensures a happier, healthier life for your feline friend!
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