Understanding Your Cat’s Liver Condition

The liver is one of the most critical organs in your cat’s body, playing a vital role in keeping them healthy by detoxifying harmful substances, producing essential proteins and hormones, storing nutrients like vitamins and iron, and aiding digestion through bile production. Unfortunately, liver disease in cats is a fairly common condition that can significantly impact their well-being if not addressed.

This blog aims to help you understand your cat’s liver disease, recognise its symptoms, identify potential causes, explore treatment options, and take proactive steps to support your cat’s liver health. We know how much your cat means to you, and we’re here to provide the information you need to navigate this challenge.

Signs of Liver Failure in Cats

Recognising the early cat liver disease symptoms is crucial for getting your cat the help they need. Liver problems can present in various ways, and some signs may overlap with other health issues, making a veterinary diagnosis essential. Here are the most common signs of liver failure in cats and other liver-related symptoms to watch for:

• A yellowish tint in the eyes, mouth (especially the gums), and skin indicates jaundice, most likely a sign of liver trouble.

• The belly may appear enlarged or feel firm to the touch, indicating abdominal swelling.

• Cats may become more lethargic, avoiding jumping or climbing.

• A loss of appetite – ignoring food for two days – is a serious concern.

• Increased water intake and more frequent urination signal a problem.

• Even if they’re eating, cats may lose weight to the point where you can feel their ribs or spine while petting.

• You might notice blood in their stool or urine, or even a rare nosebleed—these require immediate veterinary attention.

• Excessive drooling, lip-smacking, vomiting, or diarrhoea suggest gastrointestinal distress.

• Neurological signs include walking in circles, getting “lost”, staring blankly, head pressing, seizures, or even coma.

Types of liver disease in cats

Liver disease in cats encompasses several conditions that impair the liver’s ability to function, each with distinct causes and characteristics.

Hepatic Lipidosis (Fatty Liver Disease)

This is the most common liver disease in cats, often seen in overweight cats who stop eating for a few days. When a cat doesn’t eat, their body breaks down fat for energy, but rapid fat breakdown overwhelms the liver, causing fat accumulation and dysfunction.

• Often triggered by stress, illness, or sudden appetite loss.

• Symptoms include jaundice, lethargy, and severe loss of appetite.

• Common in obese cats but can affect any cat.

Hepatitis and Cholangiohepatitis

Inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) or the liver and bile ducts (cholangiohepatitis). It can be caused by bacterial or viral infections, immune-mediated issues, or parasites.

• May be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (long-term).

• Symptoms include vomiting, jaundice, and abdominal discomfort.

• Often linked to infections or an overactive immune system attacking the liver.

Liver Cancer

What it is: Tumours in the liver, which can be primary (originating in the liver) or secondary (spreading from other cancers, like lymphoma). Hepatocellular carcinoma and bile duct carcinoma are examples.

• More common in older cats.

• Symptoms include weight loss, jaundice, and abdominal swelling.

• Diagnosis often requires imaging or a biopsy.

Amyloidosis

A rare genetic condition where amyloid proteins build up in the liver (and sometimes other organs), impairing function and potentially causing liver rupture.

• More common in certain breeds like Siamese and Abyssinians.

• Symptoms may include jaundice, weakness, and sudden collapse if rupture occurs.

• Difficult to diagnose without specialised tests.

Toxic Hepatopathy

What it is: liver damage caused by exposure to toxins, such as certain medications (e.g., acetaminophen), household chemicals, or toxic plants (e.g., lilies).

• Can be acute and life-threatening.

• Symptoms include vomiting, drooling, jaundice, and neurological signs.

• Prevention involves keeping toxins out of your cat’s reach.

Portosystemic Shunt (Liver Shunt)

A congenital or acquired condition where blood bypasses the liver due to abnormal blood vessels, preventing proper detoxification.

• Often seen in younger cats or certain breeds (e.g., Persians).

• Symptoms include stunted growth, neurological issues (e.g., seizures), and excessive drooling.

• May require surgical correction.

Each type of liver disease in cats requires specific diagnosis and treatment, often involving blood tests, ultrasounds, or biopsies. You’re not alone if you’re worried about your cat watching for symptoms like jaundice, lethargy, or appetite loss, and consulting your vet early can make a big difference. Now let's move on to tips for treating liver problems in cats.

Treating Liver Problems in Cats

Treating liver disease in cats depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition, but early intervention is critical for the best outcomes. Here are the main treatment approaches:

• Nutritional Support: A specialised diet is often the cornerstone of managing liver disease. Diets like CVET NutriCareVet Feline Liver Support and Protexin Denamarin Liver Support for Cats & Small Dogs

• Fluid Therapy: Intravenous fluids are used to correct dehydration and support kidney function, especially in cats that aren’t eating.

• Medications: Depending on the cause, veterinarians may prescribe antibiotics for bacterial infections, anti-inflammatory drugs, or medications to support liver function. Supplements like vitamin B12, other B vitamins, or potassium may also be recommended by Best Friends Animal Society – Liver Disease.

• Feeding Tubes: For cats refusing food, a feeding tube may be inserted (e.g., through the neck into the oesophagus) to provide nutrition, typically a prescription recovery diet, administered 4-6 times daily VCA Animal Hospitals - Liver Diseases.

• Surgical Interventions: In rare cases, surgery may be needed to address issues like gallstones, bile duct blockages, or certain liverumours. International Cat Care – Liver Disease.

• Monitoring and Follow-Up: Regular veterinary check-ups are essential to monitor liver function, adjust treatments, and watch for complications like blood clotting issues. Merck Veterinary Manual – Liver Disorders.

With proper care, many cats can recover from liver disease or manage it effectively, leading to a good quality of life. Your veterinarian will tailor a treatment plan to your cat’s specific needs, ensuring the best possible outcome. Apart from the treatment options, it's also crucial to make dietary changes.

Supplements for Cats with Liver Conditions

These supplements offer excellent nutritional support, but be sure to check with your vet to see if they’re right for your pets.

Protexin Denamarin Liver Support for Cat & Small Dog

Protexin Denamarin is a high-potency liver support supplement for cats and small dogs, combining the proven benefits of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and silybin to help maintain healthy liver function and promote natural detoxification pathways.

• Stabilised S,S-SAMe: Contains the biologically active isomer of SAMe to support methylation reactions and liver cell regeneration.

• High bioavailability Silybin: Delivers silybin complexed with phosphatidylcholine for enhanced absorption compared to standard silymarin.

• Enteric Coating: Protects SAMe from degradation in the stomach, ensuring it reaches the intestine intact where it can be absorbed.

• Blister-Packed for Potency: Individually sealed tablets prevent oxidation of SAMe, preserving its efficacy over the product’s shelf life.

• Pharmaceutical-Grade Manufacture: Produced to strict quality standards to guarantee each tablet meets the labelled potency of active ingredients.

CVET NutriCareVet Feline Liver Support

CVET NutriCareVet Feline Liver Support offers an easy-to-administer, chewable tablet formula designed to help maintain and support healthy liver metabolism in cats.

• Chewable Tablets: Palatable, bite-sized tablets make daily supplementation stress-free for both cat and owner.

• Liver Metabolism Support: Specifically formulated to aid the liver’s natural detoxification and metabolic processes.

• Milk Thistle Extract: Provides antioxidant protection to hepatocytes, helping guard against cellular damage.

• Artichoke: Promotes healthy bile production and flow, supporting digestion and the processing of fats.

• Comprehensive Nutrient Blend: Enriched with betaine hydrochloride (a methyl donor), vitamins E & B12 (antioxidant and red-blood-cell support), and taurine (critical for feline health).

Taking Action for Your Cat’s Liver Health

Here are the preventive measures to safeguard your pet cats from liver issues.

Maintain a Healthy Weight

Feed a balanced, portion-controlled diet recommended by your vet. Avoid overfeeding treats or human food. Encourage play to keep your cat active. Regular weigh-ins at the vet can help track their weight.

Ensure Consistent Eating

Monitor your cat’s appetite daily. If they refuse food for more than 24–48 hours, contact your vet immediately. Address stressors (e.g., changes in environment) that might cause appetite loss. Offer palatable, vet-approved food to encourage eating.

Protect Against Toxins

Keep medications, cleaning products, antifreeze, and toxic plants out of reach. Never give your cat human medications without vet approval. Check for pet-safe products and plants in your home.

Schedule Regular Veterinary Check-Ups

Book annual or biannual vet visits, especially for older cats or breeds prone to liver issues (e.g., Siamese, Abyssinians). Blood tests and physical exams can catch problems early. Discuss any changes in behaviour or appetite.

Manage Underlying Health Conditions

Follow your vet’s treatment plan for any diagnosed conditions. Monitor for symptoms like excessive thirst, vomiting, or weight loss, and report them to your vet. A tailored diet or medication can help manage these risks.

Provide a Balanced Diet

Feed high-quality, vet-recommended cat food with appropriate protein and nutrient levels. Avoid feeding fatty or sugary human foods. For cats with liver concerns, consult your vet about specialised diets like Protexin Denamarin and CVET NutriCareVet Feline Liver Support.

Minimise Stress

Maintain a stable routine, provide a safe and quiet environment, and introduce changes (e.g., new pets, moves) gradually. Use enrichment like toys or scratching posts to keep your cat engaged and relaxed.

Vaccinate and Prevent Infections

Keep your cat’s vaccinations up to date and practise good hygiene, like cleaning the litter box regularly. Limit exposure to stray cats that may carry infections. Watch for signs of illness and seek vet care promptly.

For more information on regarding dietary and other supplements, please refer to our blog A guide to choosing the right for cats with liver disease

Frequently Asked Questions

What are liver problems in cats?

Liver problems in cats, also known as liver disease in cats, encompass any condition that impairs the liver’s normal function. These can include fatty liver disease (hepatic lipidosis), inflammatory liver disease (hepatitis or cholangiohepatitis), and liver cancer, among others.

What can I feed a cat with liver problems?

Cats with liver problems benefit from specialised diets like CVET NutriCareVet Feline Liver Support, a palatable, chewable tablet that makes daily dosing effortless. It combines milk thistle extract and artichoke to protect liver cells and promote healthy bile flow. Enriched with essential vitamins and methyl donors, it helps sustain optimal liver metabolism in cats.

How long can a cat go without food before liver damage?

Cats, especially overweight ones, can develop liver damage, such as hepatic lipidosis, after as little as 2 days without food. If your cat refuses to eat for more than a day or two, seek veterinary advice immediately to prevent serious liver issues.

What are the symptoms of liver cancer in cats?

Liver cancer in cats may present with general liver disease symptoms, such as lethargy, vomiting, diarrhoea, weight loss, jaundice, and abdominal swelling. Specific diagnosis requires veterinary tests like imaging or a biopsy, as symptoms overlap with other liver conditions.